Using 44 kHz Sampling Frequency means the converter is sampling the analog audio signal and doing analog to digital conversion at 44000 times per second. In audio signal processing, Sampling Frequencies of 44 kHz, 22 kHz and 11 kHz are mostly used. It is the number of times that the converter samples the analog signal, its unit is Hertz (Hz). The Speed of a converter is expressed by the Sampling Frequency. If the measuring voltage range is 10 V, then this input range can be resolved into 10 V / 65536 = 0.153 mV precision. For example, the Resolution of a 16-bit ADC is 1 / 65536, since 216 = 65536. An n-bit ADC has the resolution of 1 / 2n. For an ADC, the Resolution states the number of intervals or levels which can be divided from a certain analog input range. The Resolution of a converter is expressed in the number of Bit. The performance of ADCs and DACs mainly depends on their Resolution and Speed.
Analog to digital converter music code#
The digital code corresponds to the analog level is the desired digital representation of the analog signal.įigure 2: Ideal Transfer Curve of a 4-bit ADC The generation is stopped when the analog level becomes just larger than the analog signal.
Analog to digital converter music series#
Inside a Successive-Approximation ADC, a series of digital codes, each corresponds to a fix analog level, are generated successively by an internal counter to compare with the analog signal under conversion. Figure 4 shows the transfer curve of a 4-bit ADC. The most inexpensive type of ADC is a Successive-Approximation ADC. There are many types of ADC for different applications. Analog-to-Digital conversion is the primary means by which analog signal are converted into digital data that can be processed by computers for various purposes, Figure 3. In the real world, most of the signals sensed and processed by humans are analog signals. In electronics, an Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) is a device for converting an analog signal (current, voltage etc.) to a digital code, usually binary. Table 1: The Analog Output Voltages corresponding to the Digital Input Codes with V ref = 5 V
Assuming the value of V ref as 5 V, the Analog Output Voltages corresponding to the Digital Input Codes is shown in Table 1. Where V ref is the Reference Voltage of the circuit. The relationship between the digital inputs (Bit 0 to Bit 3) and the analog output VOUT is as follow: The resistor with the lowest value R corresponds to the highest weighted binary input Bit 3 (MSB), and 2R, 4R, 8R correspond to the binary weights of Bit 2 (2 2 = 4), Bit 1 (2 1 = 2), and Bit 0 (LSB) respectively. The resistors are scaled to represent weights for the different input bits.įigure 2: A Summing Amplifier functioning as a simple DAC DAC converts the processed digital signal back into the analog signal that is used by audio output equipment such as a speaker.Ī DAC can be constructed by using a Summing Amplifier and a set of resistors R, 2R, 4R and 8R as its inputs, Figure 2. The computer may add sound effect such as echo and adjust the tempo and pitch of the music. Take the audio signal processing in Figure 1 as an example, ADC converts the analog signal collected by audio input equipment, such as a microphone, into a digital signal that can be processed by computer. Since most real world signals are analog, these two converting interfaces are necessary to allow digital electronic equipments to process the analog signals.
Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) and Digital to Analog Converter (DAC) are very important components in electronic equipment. In modern life, electronic equipment is frequently used in different fields such as communication, transportation, entertainment, etc. 1-Digit Voltmeter Digital to Analog Converter
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